The Data Channel Fragmentation module offers fragmentation of data channel packets. More...

Data Structures
struct	fragment
	Structure for reassembling one incoming fragmented packet. More...

struct	fragment_list
	List of fragment structures for reassembling multiple incoming packets concurrently. More...

struct	fragment_master
	Fragmentation and reassembly state for one VPN tunnel instance. More...

Macros
#define	N_FRAG_BUF 25
	Number of packet buffers for reassembling incoming fragmented packets. More...

#define	FRAG_TTL_SEC 10
	Time-to-live in seconds for a fragment. More...

#define	FRAG_WAKEUP_INTERVAL 5
	Interval in seconds between calls to wakeup code. More...

Functions
void	fragment_wakeup (struct fragment_master f, struct frame frame)

Fragment header
Todo: Add description of fragment header format.
typedef uint32_t	fragment_header_type
	Fragmentation information is stored in a 32-bit packet header. More...

#define	hton_fragment_header_type(x) htonl(x)
	Convert a fragment_header_type from host to network order. More...

#define	ntoh_fragment_header_type(x) ntohl(x)
	Convert a `fragment_header_type` from network to host order. More...

#define	FRAG_TYPE_MASK 0x00000003
	Bit mask for fragment type info. More...

#define	FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT 0
	Bit shift for fragment type info. More...

#define	FRAG_WHOLE 0
	Fragment type indicating packet is whole. More...

#define	FRAG_YES_NOTLAST 1
	Fragment type indicating packet is part of a fragmented packet, but not the last part in the sequence. More...

#define	FRAG_YES_LAST 2
	Fragment type indicating packet is the last part in the sequence of parts. More...

#define	FRAG_TEST 3
	Fragment type not implemented yet. More...

#define	FRAG_SEQ_ID_MASK 0x000000ff
	Bit mask for fragment sequence ID. More...

#define	FRAG_SEQ_ID_SHIFT 2
	Bit shift for fragment sequence ID. More...

#define	FRAG_ID_MASK 0x0000001f
	Bit mask for fragment ID. More...

#define	FRAG_ID_SHIFT 10
	Bit shift for fragment ID. More...

#define	FRAG_SIZE_MASK 0x00003fff
	Bit mask for fragment size. More...

#define	FRAG_SIZE_SHIFT 15
	Bit shift for fragment size. More...

#define	FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT 2
	Bit shift for fragment size rounding. More...

#define	FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_MASK ((1 << FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT) - 1)
	Bit mask for fragment size rounding. More...

#define	FRAG_EXTRA_MASK 0x0000ffff
	Bit mask for extra bits. More...

#define	FRAG_EXTRA_SHIFT 15
	Bit shift for extra bits. More...

Functions for initialization and cleanup
struct fragment_master *	fragment_init (struct frame *frame)
	Allocate and initialize a `fragment_master` structure. More...

void	fragment_frame_init (struct fragment_master f, const struct frame frame)
	Allocate internal packet buffers for a `fragment_master` structure. More...

void	fragment_free (struct fragment_master *f)
	Free a `fragment_master` structure and its internal packet buffers. More...

Functions for processing packets received from a remote OpenVPN peer
void	fragment_incoming (struct fragment_master f, struct buffer buf, const struct frame *frame)
	Process an incoming packet, which may or may not be fragmented. More...

Functions for processing packets to be sent to a remote OpenVPN peer
void	fragment_outgoing (struct fragment_master f, struct buffer buf, const struct frame *frame)
	Process an outgoing packet, which may or may not need to be fragmented. More...

bool	fragment_ready_to_send (struct fragment_master f, struct buffer buf, const struct frame *frame)
	Check whether outgoing fragments are ready to be send, and if so make one available. More...

static bool	fragment_outgoing_defined (struct fragment_master *f)
	Check whether a `fragment_master` structure contains fragments ready to be sent. More...

Functions for regular housekeeping
static void	fragment_housekeeping (struct fragment_master f, struct frame frame, struct timeval *tv)
	Perform housekeeping of a `fragment_master` structure. More...

Detailed Description

The Data Channel Fragmentation module offers fragmentation of data channel packets.

State structures: The Data Channel Fragmentation module stores its internal state in a fragment_master structure. One such structure is present for each VPN tunnel, and is stored in context.c2.fragment of the context associated with that VPN tunnel.

: The fragment_master structure contains one fragment_list structure fragment_master.incoming. This is a list of fragment structures, each of which can store the parts of one fragmented packet while it is being reassembled. The fragment_master structure also contains one buffer called fragment_master.outgoing, in which a data channel large packet to be sent to a remote OpenVPN peer can be broken up into parts to be sent one by one.

Initialization and cleanup: Every time a new fragment_master is needed, it must be allocated and initialized by the fragment_init() function. Similarly, every time a fragment_master is no longer needed, it must be cleaned up using the fragment_free() function. These functions take care of the allocation and freeing of the fragment_master structure itself and all internal memory required for the use of that structure. Note that this behavior is different from that displayed by the Data Channel Compression module.

: Because of the one-to-one relationship between fragment_master structures and VPN tunnels, the above-mentioned initialization and cleanup functions are called directly from the init_instance() and close_instance() functions, which control the initialization and cleanup of VPN tunnel instances and their associated context structures.

Packet processing functions

This module receives data channel packets from the Data Channel Control module and processes them according to the settings of the packet's VPN tunnel. The Data Channel Control module uses the following interface functions:

For packets which will be sent to a remote OpenVPN peer: fragment_outgoing()
This function inspects data channel packets as they are being made ready to be sent as VPN tunnel packets to a remote OpenVPN peer. If a packet's size is larger than its destination VPN tunnel's maximum transmission unit (MTU), then this module breaks that packet up into smaller parts, each of which is smaller than or equal to the VPN tunnel's MTU. See fragment_outgoing() for details.
For packets which have been received from a remote OpenVPN peer: fragment_incoming()
This function inspects data channel packets that have been received from a remote OpenVPN peer through a VPN tunnel. It reads the fragmentation header of the packet, and depending on its value performs the appropriate action. See fragment_incoming() for details.

Settings that control this module's activity: Whether the Data Channel Fragmentation module is active or not depends on the compile-time ENABLE_FRAGMENT preprocessor macro and the runtime flag options.fragment, which gets its value from the process's configuration sources, such as the configuration file and commandline options.

Macro Definition Documentation

◆ FRAG_EXTRA_MASK

#define FRAG_EXTRA_MASK 0x0000ffff

Bit mask for extra bits.

Definition at line 252 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_EXTRA_SHIFT

#define FRAG_EXTRA_SHIFT 15

Bit shift for extra bits.

Definition at line 254 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_ID_MASK

#define FRAG_ID_MASK 0x0000001f

Bit mask for fragment ID.

Definition at line 225 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_ID_SHIFT

#define FRAG_ID_SHIFT 10

Bit shift for fragment ID.

Definition at line 227 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SEQ_ID_MASK

#define FRAG_SEQ_ID_MASK 0x000000ff

Bit mask for fragment sequence ID.

Definition at line 221 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SEQ_ID_SHIFT

#define FRAG_SEQ_ID_SHIFT 2

Bit shift for fragment sequence ID.

Definition at line 223 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SIZE_MASK

#define FRAG_SIZE_MASK 0x00003fff

Bit mask for fragment size.

Definition at line 239 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_MASK

#define FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_MASK ((1 << FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT) - 1)

Bit mask for fragment size rounding.

Definition at line 244 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT

#define FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT 2

Bit shift for fragment size rounding.

Definition at line 243 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_SIZE_SHIFT

#define FRAG_SIZE_SHIFT 15

Bit shift for fragment size.

Definition at line 241 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_TEST

#define FRAG_TEST 3

Fragment type not implemented yet.

In the future might be used as a control packet for establishing MTU size.

Definition at line 216 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_TTL_SEC

#define FRAG_TTL_SEC 10

Time-to-live in seconds for a fragment.

Definition at line 54 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_TYPE_MASK

#define FRAG_TYPE_MASK 0x00000003

Bit mask for fragment type info.

Definition at line 204 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT

#define FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT 0

Bit shift for fragment type info.

Definition at line 206 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_WAKEUP_INTERVAL

#define FRAG_WAKEUP_INTERVAL 5

Interval in seconds between calls to wakeup code.

Definition at line 57 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_WHOLE

#define FRAG_WHOLE 0

Fragment type indicating packet is whole.

Definition at line 208 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_YES_LAST

#define FRAG_YES_LAST 2

Fragment type indicating packet is the last part in the sequence of parts.

Definition at line 213 of file fragment.h.

◆ FRAG_YES_NOTLAST

#define FRAG_YES_NOTLAST 1

Fragment type indicating packet is part of a fragmented packet, but not the last part in the sequence.

Definition at line 210 of file fragment.h.

◆ hton_fragment_header_type

#define hton_fragment_header_type ( x ) htonl(x)

Convert a fragment_header_type from host to network order.

Definition at line 194 of file fragment.h.

◆ N_FRAG_BUF

#define N_FRAG_BUF 25

Number of packet buffers for reassembling incoming fragmented packets.

Definition at line 49 of file fragment.h.

◆ ntoh_fragment_header_type

#define ntoh_fragment_header_type ( x ) ntohl(x)

Convert a fragment_header_type from network to host order.

Definition at line 199 of file fragment.h.

Typedef Documentation

◆ fragment_header_type

typedef uint32_t fragment_header_type

Fragmentation information is stored in a 32-bit packet header.

Definition at line 190 of file fragment.h.

Function Documentation

◆ fragment_frame_init()

void fragment_frame_init	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		const struct frame *	frame
	)

Allocate internal packet buffers for a fragment_master structure.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure for which to allocate the internal buffers.
frame	- The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel, used to determine how much memory to allocate for each packet buffer.

Definition at line 122 of file fragment.c.

References alloc_buf(), BUF_SIZE, http-client::f, and fragment_list_buf_init().

Referenced by do_init_fragment().

◆ fragment_free()

void fragment_free ( struct fragment_master * f )

Free a fragment_master structure and its internal packet buffers.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure to free.

Definition at line 113 of file fragment.c.

References http-client::f, fragment_list_buf_free(), and free_buf().

Referenced by do_close_fragment().

◆ fragment_housekeeping()

static void fragment_housekeeping	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		struct frame *	frame,
		struct timeval *	tv
	)

inlinestatic

Perform housekeeping of a fragment_master structure.

Housekeeping includes scanning incoming packet reassembly buffers for packets which have not yet been reassembled completely but are already older than their time-to-live.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure for this VPN tunnel.
frame	- The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel.

Definition at line 467 of file fragment.h.

References http-client::f, and fragment_wakeup().

Referenced by check_fragment().

◆ fragment_incoming()

void fragment_incoming	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		struct buffer *	buf,
		const struct frame *	frame
	)

Process an incoming packet, which may or may not be fragmented.

This function inspects the fragmentation header of the incoming packet and processes the packet accordingly. Depending on the fragment type bits (FRAG_TYPE_MASK and FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT) the packet is processed in the following ways:

FRAG_WHOLE: the packet is not fragmented, and this function does not modify its contents, except for removing the fragmentation header.
FRAG_YES_NOTLAST or FRAG_YES_LAST: the packet is part of a fragmented packet. This function copies the packet into an internal reassembly buffer. If the incoming part completes the packet being reassembled, the buf argument is modified to point to the fully reassembled packet. If, on the other hand, reassembly is not yet complete, then the the buf buffer is set to empty.
Any other value: error.

If an error occurs during processing, an error message is logged and the length of buf is set to zero.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure for this VPN tunnel.
buf	- A pointer to the buffer structure containing the incoming packet. This pointer will have been modified on return either to point to a completely reassembled packet, or to have length set to zero if reassembly is not yet complete.
frame	- The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel.

Returns: Void.
On return, the buf argument will point to a buffer. The buffer will have nonzero length if the incoming packet passed to this function was whole and unfragmented, or if it was the final part of a fragmented packet thereby completing reassembly. On the other hand, the buffer will have a length of zero if the incoming packet was part of a fragmented packet and reassembly is not yet complete. If an error occurs during processing, the buffer length is also set to zero.

Definition at line 136 of file fragment.c.

References ASSERT, fragment::buf, frame::buf, buf_copy_range(), buf_init, buf_read(), D_FRAG_DEBUG, D_FRAG_ERRORS, fragment::defined, dmsg, http-client::f, FRAG_ERR, FRAG_ID_MASK, FRAG_ID_SHIFT, FRAG_MAP_MASK, FRAG_SEQ_ID_MASK, FRAG_SEQ_ID_SHIFT, FRAG_SIZE_MASK, FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_MASK, FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT, FRAG_SIZE_SHIFT, FRAG_TEST, FRAG_TYPE_MASK, FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT, FRAG_WHOLE, FRAG_YES_LAST, FRAG_YES_NOTLAST, fragment_header_format, fragment_list_get_buf(), frame::headroom, buffer::len, fragment::map, fragment::max_frag_size, msg, now, ntoh_fragment_header_type, and fragment::timestamp.

Referenced by process_incoming_link_part2().

◆ fragment_init()

struct fragment_master* fragment_init ( struct frame * frame )

Allocate and initialize a fragment_master structure.

This function also modifies the frame packet geometry parameters to include space for the fragmentation header.

Parameters

frame - The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel, modified by this function to include the fragmentation header.

Returns: A pointer to the new fragment_master structure.

Definition at line 89 of file fragment.c.

References ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR, event_timeout_init(), FRAG_WAKEUP_INTERVAL, get_random(), N_SEQ_ID, now, fragment_master::outgoing_seq_id, and fragment_master::wakeup.

Referenced by init_instance().

◆ fragment_outgoing()

void fragment_outgoing	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		struct buffer *	buf,
		const struct frame *	frame
	)

Process an outgoing packet, which may or may not need to be fragmented.

This function inspects the outgoing packet, determines whether it needs to be fragmented, and processes it accordingly.

Depending on the size of the outgoing packet and the packet geometry parameters for the VPN tunnel, the packet will or will not be fragmented.

Packet size is less than or equal to the maximum packet size for this VPN tunnel: fragmentation is not necessary. The buf argument points to a buffer containing the unmodified outgoing packet with a fragmentation header indicating the packet is whole (FRAG_WHOLE) prepended.
Packet size is greater than the maximum packet size for this VPN tunnel: fragmentation is necessary. The original outgoing packet is copied into an internal buffer for fragmentation. The buf argument is modified to point to the first part of the fragmented packet. The remaining parts remain stored in the internal buffer, and can be retrieved using the fragment_ready_to_send() function.

If an error occurs during processing, an error message is logged and the length of buf is set to zero.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure for this VPN tunnel.
buf	- A pointer to the buffer structure containing the outgoing packet. This pointer will be modified to point to a whole unfragmented packet or to the first part of a fragmented packet on return.
frame	- The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel.

Returns: Void.
On return, the buf argument will point to a buffer. This buffer contains either the whole original outgoing packet if fragmentation was not necessary, or the first part of the fragmented outgoing packet if fragmentation was necessary. In both cases a fragmentation header will have been prepended to inform the remote peer how to handle the packet.

Definition at line 321 of file fragment.c.

References ASSERT, fragment::buf, frame::buf, buf_copy(), buf_init, D_FRAG_ERRORS, http-client::f, FRAG_ERR, FRAG_WHOLE, fragment_prepend_flags(), fragment_ready_to_send(), frame::headroom, buffer::len, frame::max_fragment_size, MAX_FRAGS, modulo_add(), msg, N_SEQ_ID, and optimal_fragment_size().

Referenced by encrypt_sign().

◆ fragment_outgoing_defined()

static bool fragment_outgoing_defined ( struct fragment_master * f )

inlinestatic

Check whether a fragment_master structure contains fragments ready to be sent.

Parameters

f	- The `fragment_master` structure for this VPN tunnel.

Returns

True, if there are one or more fragments ready to be sent.
False, otherwise.

Definition at line 440 of file fragment.h.

Referenced by check_fragment(), and fragment_ready_to_send().

◆ fragment_ready_to_send()

bool fragment_ready_to_send	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		struct buffer *	buf,
		const struct frame *	frame
	)

Check whether outgoing fragments are ready to be send, and if so make one available.

This function checks whether the internal buffer for fragmenting outgoing packets contains any unsent parts. If it does not, meaning there is nothing waiting to be sent, it returns false. Otherwise there are parts ready to be sent, and it returns true. In that case it also modifies the buf argument to point to a buffer containing the next part to be sent.

Parameters

f	- The fragment_master structure for this VPN tunnel.
buf	- A pointer to a buffer structure which on return, if there are parts waiting to be sent, will point to the next part to be sent.
frame	- The packet geometry parameters for this VPN tunnel.

Returns

True, if an outgoing packet has been fragmented and not all parts have been sent yet. In this case this function will modify the buf argument to point to a buffer containing the next part to be sent.
False, if there are no outgoing fragmented parts waiting to be sent.

Definition at line 376 of file fragment.c.

References ASSERT, fragment::buf, frame::buf, buf_copy_n(), buf_init, http-client::f, FRAG_YES_LAST, FRAG_YES_NOTLAST, fragment_outgoing_defined(), fragment_prepend_flags(), and frame::headroom.

Referenced by check_fragment(), and fragment_outgoing().

◆ fragment_wakeup()

void fragment_wakeup	(	struct fragment_master *	f,
		struct frame *	frame
	)

Definition at line 429 of file fragment.c.

References http-client::f, and fragment_ttl_reap().

Referenced by fragment_housekeeping().

Data Structures

Macros

Functions

Fragment header

Functions for initialization and cleanup

Functions for processing packets received from a remote OpenVPN peer

Functions for processing packets to be sent to a remote OpenVPN peer

Functions for regular housekeeping

Detailed Description

Macro Definition Documentation

◆ FRAG_EXTRA_MASK

◆ FRAG_EXTRA_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_ID_MASK

◆ FRAG_ID_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_SEQ_ID_MASK

◆ FRAG_SEQ_ID_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_SIZE_MASK

◆ FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_MASK

◆ FRAG_SIZE_ROUND_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_SIZE_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_TEST

◆ FRAG_TTL_SEC

◆ FRAG_TYPE_MASK

◆ FRAG_TYPE_SHIFT

◆ FRAG_WAKEUP_INTERVAL

◆ FRAG_WHOLE

◆ FRAG_YES_LAST

◆ FRAG_YES_NOTLAST

◆ hton_fragment_header_type

◆ N_FRAG_BUF

◆ ntoh_fragment_header_type

Typedef Documentation

◆ fragment_header_type

Function Documentation

◆ fragment_frame_init()

◆ fragment_free()

◆ fragment_housekeeping()

◆ fragment_incoming()

◆ fragment_init()

◆ fragment_outgoing()

◆ fragment_outgoing_defined()

◆ fragment_ready_to_send()

◆ fragment_wakeup()